INSINKERATOR, LLC V. JONECA COMPANY, LLC, No. 25-286 (9th Cir. 2025) :: Justia

Garbage Disposal Horsepower Claims Under Legal Scrutiny: What Consumers Need to Know

The Bottom Line: A federal appeals court has ruled that Joneca Company must place disclaimers on its garbage disposals after finding the manufacturer's horsepower ratings mislead consumers about actual grinding power. The December 2025 decision highlights confusion over how motor power is measured and what those numbers really mean for performance—important information if you're shopping for a disposal or troubleshooting problems with one you already own.

SIDEBAR: Who is Joneca Company? Understanding the Brand Portfolio

Company Background

Joneca Company, headquartered in Anaheim, California, has been in business for more than 35 years and manufactures WasteMaid brand disposals, the third-largest garbage disposal brand in the United States. Founded in 1985, Joneca began as an international marketing company pioneering disposers in over 50 countries, starting with Japan, before establishing its own manufacturing facility to enter the U.S. market in 2005.

The Multi-Brand Strategy

What many consumers don't realize is that Joneca manufactures garbage disposals under multiple brand names. The company produces disposals under brands including Waste Maid, Commodore, Bone Crusher, Eco Logic, Waste Master, Titan, and Mr. Scrappy.

Joneca's market penetration strategy relied heavily on licensing established national brand names such as American Standard and Westinghouse, plus creating private label brands for major big box stores, kitchen sink and faucet companies, and large appliance makers. This multi-brand approach helped elevate Joneca to third position in U.S. disposal production.

The American Standard Connection

American Standard garbage disposals are actually produced by Joneca Corporation under license from American Standard. Customer reviews on Joneca's website specifically praise "Costco for working with Joneca and supplying American Standard disposals", confirming the manufacturing relationship.

At Costco, American Standard disposals manufactured by Joneca are marketed with prominent features including "All Stainless Steel Grinding Components," "Antimicrobial Agent for Odor Protection," "3-Bolt Mount System," "High Torque Balanced Grinding System," and "Lifetime Warranty Against Corrosion Failure".

Marketing Literature Claims

Joneca's marketing emphasizes several proprietary technologies:

Torque Master® Balanced Grinding System: Marketed as providing superior grinding with all stainless-steel components, allowing Joneca to offer a "Lifetime Warranty Against Corrosion Failure on all models"

Hush-Tek® Sound Suppression: Technology developed from Joneca's experience in the Japanese market, where quiet appliances are required

Bio Shield® Antimicrobial: Embedded in wetted composite materials to help eliminate bacteria growth and odors

Silver Guard® Magnetic System: Patented feature claimed to prevent metal objects from damaging the disposer

The company emphasizes that entering the U.S. market meant addressing "the two biggest complaints for disposers"—noise level and corrosion failure.

Price Comparison: Joneca Brands vs. InSinkErator

Based on current retail pricing at major retailers (December 2025, with post-lawsuit disclaimer required):

Claimed HP	Joneca Brand/Model	Retailer	Price	InSinkErator Equivalent	InSinkErator Price	Difference
1/2 HP	WasteMaid Standard	Online	$89-$119	Badger 5 (1/2 HP)	$119-$149	~$30 less
3/4 HP	WasteMaid Premium	Online	$139-$179	Badger 5XP (3/4 HP)	$179-$229	~$40 less
1 HP	Bone Crusher Elite	Online	$159-$199	Power 1.0HP	$249-$329	~$60 less
1.25 HP*	American Standard Slim Line	Costco	$99.99	Evolution 1.0HP	$299-$379	~$200 less
1.25 HP*	American Standard Premium Hush-Tek	Costco	$119.99	Evolution 1.0HP	$299-$379	~$180 less

*The Critical Horsepower Issue

The price advantage becomes questionable when considering the court's findings. Joneca's "1.25 HP" disposals—prominently marketed at Costco and other retailers—measure horsepower based on electrical input rather than mechanical grinding output.

According to the lawsuit evidence, a Joneca unit advertised as "1.25 HP" may deliver grinding power equivalent to an InSinkErator 1/2 HP or 3/4 HP unit when measured by output. This means:

Apparent savings: American Standard 1.25 HP at $99.99 vs. InSinkErator Evolution 1.0 HP at $299-$379 = ~$200 difference
Actual comparison: If 1.25 HP (input) ≈ 3/4 HP (output), comparing to InSinkErator Badger 5XP (3/4 HP) at $179-$229 = ~$80-$130 difference
Real value proposition: The dramatic price advantage partially reflects different measurement standards rather than superior manufacturing efficiency

Post-Ruling Reality

Costco currently lists American Standard disposals with ratings like "4.6 out of 5 stars based on 1633 reviews" and "4.6 out of 5 stars based on 1272 reviews", suggesting customer satisfaction—though consumers may not have comparison-tested against output-rated competitors.

Under the court's order, all Joneca products must now include the disclaimer: "Horsepower claimed on package does not indicate motor output or motor power applied for processing."

For consumers who purchased based on horsepower specifications:

A Costco shopper comparing "American Standard 1.25 HP" at $99.99 to "InSinkErator 1 HP" at $300 may have believed they were getting superior power for a fraction of the price
In reality, they may have purchased a unit delivering less grinding capability than the more expensive competitor
The court found this constituted false advertising because retailers organize products by horsepower into "Light Duty," "Medium Duty," and "Heavy Duty" categories

Distribution and Market Position

Joneca works through Anaheim Marketing International, which operates in over 50 countries with offices in Korea, Beijing, Japan, and the United Kingdom. The company specifically targets dealers and distributors who compete with big-box chains by offering "competitively priced, high quality disposers with unique features and solid national brand names or their own private label."

All Joneca disposals are compatible with the 3-bolt mount system used by InSinkErator and Waste King, allowing easy replacement installations—a key selling point for contractors and homeowners.

Warranty Structure

Joneca's warranty periods vary by model: American Standard model ASD-1250 carries a 10-year warranty, while other models range from 5 to 12 years depending on horsepower rating. All warranties exclude installation and labor costs and are non-transferable.

What This Means for Shoppers

If you're considering a Joneca-manufactured disposal under any brand name (WasteMaid, American Standard, Commodore, Bone Crusher, etc.):

Look for the disclaimer on packaging confirming horsepower doesn't indicate motor output
Compare actual performance through independent testing reviews rather than horsepower alone
Factor in the measurement difference when comparing prices—the apparent bargain may reflect lower actual grinding capability
Check which brand you're buying: The same Joneca-manufactured disposal may carry different brand names and prices at different retailers
Consider total value: Features like corrosion warranty, sound insulation, and antimicrobial protection may justify purchase even with lower-than-advertised grinding power

The lawsuit doesn't allege that Joneca products are defective or don't work—only that the horsepower ratings mislead consumers about comparative grinding capability when shopping against output-rated competitors.

What Happened

InSinkErator, the dominant player in the garbage disposal market, sued competitor Joneca Company in late 2024, alleging false advertising. The issue: Joneca marketed its disposals with horsepower ratings like 1/2 HP, 3/4 HP, and 1 HP, but InSinkErator's testing found the units delivered far less grinding power than advertised.

The key distinction is technical but important. InSinkErator argued that horsepower should measure "output power"—the mechanical power actually available at the grinding mechanism. Joneca countered that it was measuring "input power"—the electrical power drawn by the entire unit. Think of it as the difference between how much electricity your disposal uses versus how much grinding work it actually does.

On December 29, 2025, the U.S. Court of Appeals for the Ninth Circuit sided with InSinkErator, requiring Joneca to add disclaimers stating: "Horsepower claimed on package does not indicate motor output or motor power applied for processing."

Why Horsepower Ratings Matter (and Why They're Confusing)

When Consumer Reports tests garbage disposals, we evaluate three key performance factors:

Speed: How quickly the unit grinds beef rib bones during a one-minute test
Grinding fineness: How well it pulverizes a mix of bones and vegetables, measured by passing particles through different-sized sieves
Noise: Decibel levels during operation

Our testing shows that disposals earning excellent ratings crush food into particles fine enough to slip through most sieves, while units that leave larger bits increase the chance of drain clogs.

Horsepower is supposed to indicate grinding capability. Higher horsepower generally means more grinding power, fewer jams, and finer particle sizes that place less stress on your drain system. But as this lawsuit reveals, not all manufacturers measure horsepower the same way.

The court found that major retailers rely heavily on horsepower ratings to organize and market disposals to consumers. Home Depot, for example, categorizes units as "Light Duty" (1/3 and 1/2 HP), "Medium Duty" (3/4 HP), and "Heavy Duty" (1 HP). If a manufacturer inflates these numbers, consumers comparing products side-by-side may not be getting what they think they're paying for.

The "Fantasy Horsepower" Problem

This isn't unique to garbage disposals. Industry observers note that inflated horsepower claims appear across consumer appliances, including shop vacuums and air compressors, where manufacturers cite "peak" values equipment cannot sustain during normal operation rather than actual working capacity.

Electrical professionals describe these ratings as "marketing gimmicks" that don't reflect real-world performance, recommending consumers ignore horsepower claims entirely and rely instead on amperage ratings listed on nameplates.

For garbage disposals specifically, motors range from 1/3 HP to 1 HP, with higher horsepower generally providing more efficient grinding and better sound insulation—but also higher prices.

What Size Disposal Do You Actually Need?

If you're in the market for a garbage disposal—or questioning whether you need one at all—here's what to consider:

Household size and cooking habits matter most:

1-2 people with minimal cooking: 1/3 HP may suffice, though these budget models jam more easily and have shorter lifespans
1-2 people who cook daily, or families of 3-4: 1/2 to 3/4 HP provides adequate power for typical use
Large families or heavy users: 3/4 to 1 HP handles tougher waste and high-volume use with fewer problems

Price and features scale with power: Entry-level 1/3 HP models cost around $60, while premium 1 HP units can exceed $750, with higher prices buying longer warranties, better sound insulation, stainless steel components, multiple grind stages, and auto-reverse features that prevent jams.

Physical size increases with motor power: Models we've tested range from 10 to 15 inches high, 5 to 9 inches wide, and 6 to 13 inches deep, with more sound insulation making units larger. Measure your under-sink space before buying—a more powerful model won't help if it doesn't fit.

The Industry Landscape

InSinkErator invented the garbage disposal in 1927, brought it to market in 1938, and by 1978 supplied half of all disposals sold in the United States. The company now controls more than 70 percent of the market, owned by Whirlpool Corporation.

Other major brands include Waste King (owned by Moen), which ranks as the second-largest manufacturer, and WasteMaid (made by Joneca Company), the third-largest brand.

The overall food waste disposal equipment market was valued at $2.8 billion in 2024 and is projected to reach $4.8 billion by 2034.

What the Safety Standards Actually Say

Joneca defended its horsepower measurements by citing UL 430, an Underwriters Laboratories standard. But the court found this argument unconvincing.

UL 430 is a safety standard for waste disposers rated 600V or less, covering construction, performance, marking, and electrical safety testing—not power output ratings. The court noted that UL engineers themselves stated the standard "is not meant to be used to determine the horsepower ratings of Waste Disposers" and that its testing protocols run "regardless" of horsepower claims on packaging.

In other words, UL 430 ensures your disposal won't electrocute you or start a fire—it doesn't verify that a "1 HP" claim accurately reflects grinding capability.

Making Sense of the Specifications

When shopping for a disposal, look beyond the horsepower claim:

Amperage tells you more: Most household disposals draw between 10 and 20 amps, with units in the 1/2 to 3/4 HP range typically requiring a 20-amp circuit breaker. Check your home's electrical capacity before upgrading to a more powerful model.

Warranty length signals quality: Warranties range from two to 20 years depending on the model, with longer coverage generally indicating better build quality and manufacturer confidence.

Sound insulation matters: Higher-horsepower models with better insulation actually run quieter than underpowered units straining at high RPMs, though this varies significantly by manufacturer.

Grind stages indicate capability: InSinkErator's product line ranges from 1-stage grinding in budget models to 4-stage MultiGrind technology in premium units, with more stages producing finer particles less likely to clog drains.

Consider Whether You Need One at All

According to the 2007 American Housing Survey, 50 percent of U.S. households with complete kitchens have garbage disposals—meaning half of American homes manage food waste without them.

Alternatives include:

Composting or municipal green waste bins: Diverts organic material from landfills without the plumbing complications
Strainer baskets: Catch food scraps before they enter drains, preventing clogs without mechanical grinding
Better food waste habits: Planning meals to minimize scraps and proper disposal of problematic items like grease, fibrous vegetables, and starchy foods

New York City banned garbage disposals until 1997 due to concerns about sewer system capacity, only lifting the prohibition after a two-year study by the Department of Environmental Protection. Cities initially worried their infrastructure couldn't handle increased waste volume—a concern that may be valid for older plumbing systems.

What This Means for Consumers

The Joneca ruling reinforces that manufacturers must measure product specifications the way consumers understand them. When retailers organize disposals by horsepower and describe them as "Light Duty" versus "Heavy Duty" based on those numbers, the ratings need to reflect actual grinding capability.

The Lanham Act, which prohibits false advertising, empowers competitors rather than individual consumers to file lawsuits, reasoning that competing manufacturers have better knowledge of industry practices and stronger motivation to enforce accurate advertising standards.

For now, Joneca must include disclaimers that its horsepower claims don't indicate motor output power. Whether other manufacturers will adjust their specifications—or face similar legal challenges—remains to be seen.

Our Recommendation

If you're shopping for a garbage disposal:

Read our full ratings for tested performance data on speed, grinding quality, and noise
Size appropriately for your household—don't overpay for capacity you won't use
Measure your space before buying larger, higher-powered models
Check electrical requirements to ensure your home's circuits can handle the unit
Consider alternatives if drain clogs, odors, or maintenance concerns outweigh convenience

And if you already own a Joneca disposal, the disclaimer requirement doesn't affect its actual performance—just clarifies what the horsepower number on the box really means.

Related Resources:

How to Fix a Leaking Garbage Disposal
Garbage Disposal Wiring Guide
What to Do When Your Disposal Stops Working
Alternatives to Garbage Disposals for Sustainable Kitchens

I'll search for recent information about this case and related garbage disposal industry standards to write a comprehensive article.Now I'll create a comprehensive article in the style of Scientific American with proper sourcing and citations.

The Horsepower Deception: Federal Court Ruling Exposes Industry Conflict Over Garbage Disposal Advertising

BLUF (Bottom Line Up Front): The U.S. Court of Appeals for the Ninth Circuit has affirmed a preliminary injunction requiring garbage disposal manufacturer Joneca Company to place disclaimers on its products after determining the company's horsepower ratings constitute false advertising. The December 29, 2025 ruling highlights a fundamental industry conflict over how motor power should be measured and marketed to consumers—whether as mechanical output power or electrical input power—with potential implications for appliance advertising standards across multiple industries.

The Legal Battleground

In a case that strikes at the heart of consumer product labeling, industry giant InSinkErator, LLC successfully convinced federal courts that competitor Joneca Company's horsepower designations mislead consumers about actual disposal grinding capability. The Ninth Circuit panel, in an opinion authored by Fifth Circuit Judge Stephen A. Higginson sitting by designation, found that Joneca's marketing of disposals with horsepower designations based on electrical input rather than mechanical output power constituted literally false advertising under the Lanham Act.

InSinkErator dominates the U.S. garbage disposal market, which it pioneered almost a century ago, while Joneca entered as a low-cost competitor in 2005. The legal dispute erupted after InSinkErator tested Joneca's products in August 2024 and discovered output horsepower substantially below advertised levels.

The case centers on a technical but consequential distinction. InSinkErator maintains that consumers necessarily understand references to "horsepower" to mean "output horsepower"—the amount of power that a disposal's motor can provide to the disposal's grinding mechanism—as opposed to "input horsepower," the electric power used by the system as a whole.

Industry Standards and Competing Interpretations

The conflict exposed deep disagreements about industry measurement standards. Joneca defended its advertising as accurate, arguing that "the industry standard for measuring horsepower of disposers is based on the input horsepower drawn by the full disposer system, not the output horsepower of the component motor in isolation," and supported this position with expert declarations citing Underwriters Laboratories standard UL 430.

However, the court found this argument unpersuasive. The district court credited InSinkErator's evidence over UL 430, noting that correspondence from UL engineers stated "UL 430 is a safety standard for Waste Disposers and is not meant to be used to determine the horsepower ratings of Waste Disposers," and that Section 16.4 of the standard provided for current input testing "regardless" of horsepower designations on motors or packaging.

Research into UL 430 confirms it functions primarily as a safety standard. UL 430, the Standard for Safety for Waste Disposers, covers motor-operated household and commercial disposers rated 600 V or less and defines construction, performance, marking and test criteria focused on electrical safety rather than power output ratings.

The Horsepower Rating Controversy

The dispute highlights broader issues with how horsepower is measured and marketed in consumer appliances. Electrical professionals have noted that horsepower values on garbage disposals and similar appliances often represent marketing claims rather than sustained mechanical output, with one forum discussion characterizing them as "a marketing gimmick like the hp ratings on air compressors or vacuums" based on "peak" values equipment cannot sustain.

Consumer education materials consistently describe garbage disposal horsepower in terms of grinding power and motor capability, with higher horsepower indicating more powerful motors that can handle tougher waste and larger quantities without jamming. Testing organizations like Consumer Reports measure disposal performance based on grinding efficiency, speed, and fineness of particle size—all factors related to mechanical output rather than electrical input.

Market Impact and Consumer Reliance

The court found that horsepower ratings materially influence consumer purchasing decisions. The district court determined that consumers ranked horsepower as one of the top purchasing considerations for garbage disposals, and retailers organized products by horsepower on store shelves, signaling its importance as a primary distinction in marketing.

Retailer websites explicitly link horsepower to disposal effectiveness, with statements such as "The higher the HP, the better the disposal will run" and organizing products into categories like "Light Duty" (1/3 and 1/2 HP), "Medium Duty" (3/4 HP), and "Heavy Duty" (1 HP). The court found this retail organization system critical, noting that Joneca's false horsepower claims could cause a disposal lacking even Medium Duty output to be displayed in the Heavy Duty section, materially affecting consumer product comparisons.

InSinkErator's Market Dominance

InSinkErator's position as industry leader gave particular weight to its challenge. The company was founded in 1938 by architect John W. Hammes, who invented the first food waste disposer in 1927, and by 1978 InSinkErator models accounted for half of all food disposer units sold in the United States. Today, InSinkErator continues to dominate the food waste disposal industry with a 70-plus percent market share.

Consumer Reports identifies InSinkErator as "the largest and most well-known name in disposals today," owned by Whirlpool Corporation, making dozens of models available at home improvement chains and hardware stores, while Joneca's WasteMaid brand ranks as "the third-largest brand of garbage disposals".

Legal Framework and Precedent

The case proceeded under Section 43(a) of the Lanham Act, the federal statute governing false advertising claims. To prevail, InSinkErator needed to prove five elements: a false statement of fact in commercial advertising; actual deception or tendency to deceive; material deception likely to influence purchasing decisions; the statement entering interstate commerce; and injury through diverted sales or lessened goodwill.

The court applied the doctrine of "literal falsity by necessary implication," determining that a message conveyed by necessary implication occurs when "the audience would recognize the claim as readily as if it had been explicitly stated" from "the words or images considered in context".

The Lanham Act empowers competitors rather than consumers to enforce false advertising prohibitions, drawing upon their detailed market knowledge and immediate awareness of unfair competition practices, with successful plaintiffs entitled to injunctions, damages, and potentially attorneys' fees.

The Court's Reasoning

The Ninth Circuit panel reviewed the district court's factual findings for clear error—whether they were "implausible in light of the record, viewed in its entirety, or if the record contains no evidence to support" them—while applying de novo review to underlying legal principles.

The appeals court found no clear error in the district court's determination that InSinkErator's evidence was more persuasive than Joneca's, including reliance on a national retailer's website definition of horsepower as "the total power output capability from the included motor" and InSinkErator's expert opinion on "the general consensus among engineers".

The court rejected Joneca's argument that its claims were merely ambiguous rather than false, explaining that the district court had found Joneca's input-based interpretation implausible, particularly after UL engineers refuted Joneca's reliance on UL 430 as its sole supporting reference.

Irreparable Harm and Injunctive Relief

The district court found that InSinkErator would suffer irreparable harm through lost goodwill and diverted sales, crediting evidence that a retailer had awarded shelf space to Joneca instead of InSinkErator and that Joneca's "fake value proposition" of inflated horsepower at low prices would influence ongoing private label contract bidding with major retailers.

Although the district court failed to apply a statutory rebuttable presumption of irreparable harm available under the 2020 Trademark Modernization Act, the Ninth Circuit found this error harmless because the court had independently concluded InSinkErator demonstrated likelihood of irreparable harm even without the presumption.

The injunction requires Joneca to place disclaimers on sales materials and packaging stating "Horsepower claimed on package does not indicate motor output or motor power applied for processing," while allowing Joneca to continue explaining during retailer bids that its products have certain input horsepower, with InSinkErator required to post a $500,000 bond.

Broader Implications for Appliance Industry

The ruling may have ramifications beyond garbage disposals. Similar horsepower rating controversies exist across consumer appliances, with industry observers noting that "fantasy horsepower" claims appear on shop vacuums, air compressors, and other motor-driven devices where peak power ratings vastly exceed sustained operational capacity.

The decision reinforces that courts will examine whether advertising claims about inherent product characteristics are material to consumer purchasing decisions, particularly when retailers organize products by those specifications and explicitly link them to performance capabilities. This standard may encourage manufacturers across industries to align their power ratings with mechanical output measurements consumers can meaningfully compare.

Industry Response and Market Structure

The food waste disposal equipment market was valued at $2.8 billion in 2024 and is projected to reach $4.8 billion by 2034, growing at 5.5% annually, with key companies including InSinkErator, Waste King, Moen, GE Appliances, Whirlpool Corporation, and others holding combined market shares of 15-20%.

The Courthouse News Service reported that the appeals court ruling prevents Joneca from using horsepower designations in advertising without the required disclaimers, upholding findings that the claims were literally false and likely to influence consumers.

Neither InSinkErator nor Joneca issued public statements following the December 29 ruling. The preliminary injunction remains in effect pending final resolution of the underlying case, with the appellate decision addressing only the propriety of preliminary relief rather than making final determinations on the merits.

Consumer Protection Considerations

The case illustrates how technical product specifications can serve as competitive battlegrounds when industry measurement standards remain ambiguous or contested. Consumer-facing evidence proved particularly persuasive to courts, including retailer website explanations that "garbage disposal horsepower determines what the disposal is capable of grinding" and that "higher HP" means "food waste will be ground into finer particles".

Independent product testing by Consumer Reports evaluates disposals on speed (grinding time), grinding fineness (particle size through sieves), and noise levels, with findings that heavier models with more insulation tend to be quieter and that inadequate power leads to larger particles more likely to clog drains. These performance metrics relate directly to mechanical output rather than electrical input, supporting the court's interpretation of consumer expectations.

Verified Sources and Formal Citations

United States Court of Appeals for the Ninth Circuit. InSinkErator, LLC v. Joneca Company, LLC, No. 25-286, 2025 U.S. App. LEXIS (9th Cir. Dec. 29, 2025). Available at: https://law.justia.com/cases/federal/appellate-courts/ca9/25-286/25-286-2025-12-29.html
Courthouse News Service. "Disposal horsepower claims blocked" (Dec. 29, 2025). Available at: https://www.courthousenews.com/disposal-horsepower-claims-blocked/
Justia Dockets & Filings. InSinkErator LLC v. Joneca Company LLC, Case No. 8:24-cv-02600 (C.D. Cal. 2024). Available at: https://dockets.justia.com/docket/california/cacdce/8:2024cv02600/949785
Consumer Reports. "Best Garbage Disposal Buying Guide" (Sept. 25, 2025). Available at: https://www.consumerreports.org/appliances/garbage-disposals/buying-guide/
Mike Holt Forums. "220.18(A) & Garbage disposal" (Nov. 4, 2021). Available at: https://forums.mikeholt.com/threads/220-18-a-garbage-disposal.2564425/
Standards Download Online. "UL 430 - Standard for Safety for Waste Disposers" (accessed Dec. 2025). Available at: http://standardsdownloadonline.com/product/ul-430/
GlobalSpec Engineering360. "UL 430 - Waste Disposers" (2018-2021 editions). Available at: https://standards.globalspec.com/std/10275433/ul-430
InSinkErator Company. "Garbage Disposal Timeline" (2025). Available at: https://www.insinkerator.com/en-us/about-us/garbage-disposal-timeline
Encyclopedia.com. "In-Sink-Erator Company History." Available at: https://www.encyclopedia.com/books/politics-and-business-magazines/sink-erator
YourSource News. "InSinkErator Raises the Bar on Garbage Disposals" (Oct. 19, 2023). Available at: https://yoursourcenews.com/2023/10/insinkerator-raises-the-bar-on-garbage-disposals/
Grand View Research / GM Insights. "Food Waste Disposal Equipment Market Size & Share Report, 2034" (May 1, 2025). Available at: https://www.gminsights.com/industry-analysis/food-waste-disposal-equipment-market
Bona Law PC. "Do I Have a Lanham Act Claim Against My Competitor for False Advertising?" Available at: https://www.bonalaw.com/insights/legal-resources/do-i-have-a-lanham-act-claim-against-my-competitor-for-false-advertising
Gordon Law Group. "Lanham Act and False Advertising: How to Protect Your Business" (Apr. 21, 2025). Available at: https://gordonlaw.com/learn/lanham-act-false-advertising/
Cornell Law School Legal Information Institute. "False Advertising" [Wex Legal Dictionary]. Available at: https://www.law.cornell.edu/wex/false_advertising
Think Tank Home. "What Size Garbage Disposal Do I Need? Garbage Disposal Horsepower" (May 19, 2021). Available at: https://thinktankhome.com/size-garbage-disposal/
Angi (formerly Angie's List). "What Size Garbage Disposal Do I Need?" (Nov. 19, 2024). Available at: https://www.angi.com/articles/what-size-garbage-disposal-do-i-need.htm
Shouldit Product Testing. "The Best Garbage Disposals of 2025 - Tested & Reviewed" (Nov. 25, 2025). Available at: https://shouldit.com/garbage-disposals/reviews/best/

Author's Note: This article synthesizes information from court documents, industry standards, consumer education materials, and market research to provide comprehensive coverage of the InSinkErator v. Joneca case and its implications for appliance advertising standards. All claims are supported by verified sources with formal citations as indicated.

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